Nozzle valve for explosion turbines



June 13, 1933 H. HOLZWARTH fi fi NOZZLE VALVE FOR EXPLOSION TURBINESOriginal Filed Jan. 11, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 fwfenlm:

June 113, 19331 H. HOLZWARTH 11,914339 NOZZLE VALVE FOR EXPLOSIONTURBINES Original Filed Jan. 11, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 113, 11933H. HOLZWARTH 3 9 NOZZLE VALVE FOR EXPLOSION TURBINES Original Filed Jan.11, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 fag i3. Z

Patented June 13, '1933 STATES rATENr orrlca HANS EOLZWARTH, OFDUSSELDORCF, GERMANY, ASBIGNOR TO HOLZWAMH GAB TURBINE 00., 01' SANFRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A GORPORATION OI DELAWARE NOZZLE VALVE FOBEXPLOSION TURBINES Application filed January 11, 1929, Serial No.331,854, and in Germany January 31, 1928. Renewed- September 2, 1932.

The present invention relates to a nozzle valve arrangement forexplosion turbines wherein the valve is operated by oil under pressure,and it is an object of the invention to provide suitable cooling meansfor such a valve and to use as the cooling medium a part of the oilemployed to operate the valve.

More specifically, my invention relates to valves of the piston typehaving opposite surfaces acted upon by oil under different pressures,movement of the valve being effected by release of the pressure againstone of said surfaces, one of said pressures preferably remainingconstant, the cooling oil being drawn either from the body of 01 underconstant pressure or from that under variable pressure.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way ofexample twoforms of my invention without defining its limits, F1 s. 1 and 2 showtwo difierent embodiments o my invention; Fig. 3 illustrates thearangement of the nozzle valve of Fig. 1 in an exploslon turbine of theconstant volume explosion type; and Fig. 4. is a section on the lineIVIV of Fig. 3.

In Fig. 1 the letter 2 indicates a valve casing located in thewater-cooled turbine housing a. A nozzle valve f is positioned withm thevalve casing and controls the communlcation between the interior of theex losion chamber 1) and the nozzle channel 0 eading to the turbinerotor. The valve casing has a stepped cylindrical bore in which a pistonbody composed of sections 7",j" of simllarly stepped form is adapted toslide. The valve casing is adapted to be closed at its upper end bymeans of a cover 122. A source of oil under constant pressure (forexample, 7 atmospheres) is adapted to be connected with a bore la in thevalve casing, while the inlet Z is adapted to be alternately connectedwith a source of oil at high pressure for controlling the valve (forexample, 7 atmospheres) and with an oil discharge conduit at exhaustpressure (zero atmospheres gauge). The bore 0 serves to conduct away oilthat has leaked through between the section f and the valve casing andis likewise connected with the oil discharge. The oil entering through Zexerts a downward pressure upon the top plate Z of the piston, while thee ective upward pressure upon the piston of the oil' charged through isexerted against the anular surfaces 1" between the piston sections f andf". Sp long as the valve is subjected to the high 011 pressure of 7atmospheres charged through the opening I it remains closed and forcedagainst its seat, as the area of the plate Z is greater than that of thesurface 7" and the unit pressures are substantiall the same. As soon,however, as the conduit is relieved of pressure, the preponderatinpressure of the pi charged through con uit Ia acting against the annularsurfaces f forces the piston upwardly. The lower surface f, as shown, isspaced from the adjacent horizontal shoulder on the casing 6, when thevalve-is in closed position. The object of this construction is todampen the shock when the valve is closed, the oil caught between suchsurface and shoulder, as the valve is forced downwardly, being squeezedout into conduit 7:.

The interior space p of the valve body f is in communication with theannular space below the upper surface 7" between the piston sections fand f" and therefore also with the conduit is through a bore 5. A tube1' depending from the plate Z projects into said space 32 and isconnected with a bore 1'' in the cover m through a stem m rising fromthe plate I and guided in the cover m. An opening 1'" is connected withthe bore 1' by means of an adjustable throttling member m. The stem m isprovided with an elongated annular groove m which communicates with theinterior of the stem through a port m and is constantly in communicationwith the bore r. In this way a portion of the oil under constantpressure is caused to flow continuously out of the conduit is, throughthe space ,0 where it comes in contact with the heated walls of thehollow valve and through the conduits r and 1" and the throttle opening1', and in this manner operates to cool the valve.

Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of my invention and at the same timeillustrates the preferred manner of operating the nozzle valve asdisclosed in my United States Patnected through the opening k with asource of oil under constant pressure (which may, for instance, be 2atmospheres) and 1s pro- -vided also with the bore or conduit 1 which isconnected to the oil pressure valve controlling mechanism, the latteroperating to connect the said conduit Z alternately and in predeterminedtimed relation with a source of oil of higher pressure (for example, 7at'- mospheres) and with an oil exhaust conduit at substantially zero(gauge) pressure-.- The cover m is provided with a bore d which isadapted to be in constant communication with a source of oil of a stillhigher constant pressure (about atmospheres). The bore 1! communicatesthrough a passage (1 with an annular channel (1 in an annular slidevalve a and in the position of the parts shown in Fig. 2 this channel isin communication with the space above the closure plate I of the pistonf, f. The annular slide a is adapted to initiate the movement of thepiston valve in such manner that it can be accomplished with greatlifting speed with a small oil requirement. In the position of the partsshown in Fig. 2 the conduit 1 is under no pressure. As a result, the oilunder pressure introduced throu h conduit d is effective against theplate 'to force the piston body upon its seat. If now, at an instantpredetermined by the working cycle of the combustion chamber, pressureoil under 7 atmospheres is conducted through the conduit Z, such oilwill enter an annular roove l in the piston section f and act againstthe bottom of the annular slide valve a and force the same upwardly.Such movement of the slide closes the connection between channel d andthe high pressure oil conduit (1 and the space above the piston andthrough openings d places such space in communication with the conduitis containing oil under lower pressure (2 atmospheres). The greaterpressure in the annular space below the surfaces 7 between the pistonsections f and f then becomes operative to raise the piston body andthus open the valve. Enough of the bottom surface of the slide a isspaced from the casing a, when the slide is in its lower position, toenable the oil of 7 atmospheres entering through Z? to lift such slide.As soon as the conduit 1 is relieved of pressure, i. e. exhausted, whichoccurs at a predeter mined instant, the piston body moves downwardlyunder the influence of the oil of 2 atmospheres pressure and when itreaches its lowermost position it restores the connection between theconduit Z with the underside of the slide a through the annular groove 1Thereupon the slide a drops through the action of the oil at 2atmospheres pres sure introduced at k and again establishescommunication between the source of high pressure oil (30 atmospheres)and the space above the plate Z, whereupon the piston valve is held aainst its seat with great force without requiring the use of highpressure oil for effecting movement of any of the parts.

This manner of operating the piston valve by means of a controllingslide and three sources of oil under different pressures, namely, a lowpressure of, for instance, 2 atmospheres, a high pressure of, say, 30atmospheres and the pressure of the controlling oil mechanism whichvaries between, say, 7 and 0 atmospheres, produces a very rapid andforcible opening and closing of the valves with a comparatively smallexpenditure of operating oil charged by such controlling mechanism. Thisis due to the fact that the operating oil, through the slide a, operatesonly to relieve the large piston surface l of the high pressure oil ofabout 30 atmospheres when the valve is to be opened, the operating oilpressure being sufficient to effect the opening of the valve in spite ofthe small effective surface f, and being assisted by the explosionpressure of the combustion gases in the combustion chamber as soon asthe valve has been lifted from its seat.

For the purpose of eflecting cooling of the valve the piston body f isprovided with a. hollow cylindrical core g, which is adapted to bepositioned in spaced relation to the inner wall of the piston body toform a channel .therebetween. I prefer to provide either the inner wallof the piston bod or the outer wall of the core 9 with a spira ribwhereby a spiral channel p is formed. This channel at its upper theopening r in the piston body to the conduit or channel 1' which iscontrolled by the adjustable throttle opening 1'" and at its lower endwith the inner tube is which opens into the chanel is" connected to theinlet k. In this manner an additional quantity of oil under the constantpressure of about 2 atmospheres may constantly flow from the channel 1*.through the tube In and through the spiral channel p, and thus cool thevalve piston f, f.

It will be clear from the above that by means of the constructiondescribed the mass of oil moved up and downwith the valve piston isreduced to a minimum and therefore the mass effects of the oil, such asinertia, are avoided.

Figs. 3 and 4 show the arrangement of a valve constructed as shown inFig. 1 in an ex- 106 ortlon 1s connected through ases are conducted intothe nozzle through t e valvef which is controlled and cooled by oilunder pressure, as above described, the gases being directed by a nozzleit against a series of blades u, on the turbine rotor w, and afterreversal in the stator blades 1;, against the second series of rotorblades 14,. The expanded combustion gases exhaust through the channel m.a

In the contruction of the valve as disclosed in Fig. 1 the space is isconstantly under a uniform oil pressure of, say, 7 atmospheres. Toobtain such condition the said space is is connected by means of aconduit y (Fig. 3) with an oil accumulator a which is kept underpressure by means of a weight of sultable magnitude. The conduit 1 ofthe nozzle valve is alternatingly placed in communication with thepressure oil conduit 3/ which is under a pressure of, say, 7 atmospheresand with the conduit 2 which is under atmospheric pressure, by means ofconduit 2'. This alternate connection of conduit Z with conduits y and 2is accomplished by means of a controller 3 having a rotatingdistributing member operated by a reduction gear 4 driven by a motor 5and operating in the manner disclosed more full in my United StatesPatent No. 877 ,194. he alternating charging of oil under pressure intochannel Z and discharging of the same therefrom effects the desiredmovement of the piston valve f as described above. The portion of thepressure oil which is withdrawn through conduits 1' and bore 7" inheated condition, after cooling the valve, flows through the conduit 6,together with the leakage oil from conduit 0, to the pressure oilstorage 7. As a portion of the pressure oil is constantly being lost forcooling purposes, a corresponding quantity of such oil is sucked upthrough conduit 8 from the oil storage 7 and forced through conduit 10to the accumulator .2 by means of a pump 9.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the appended claimswithout'departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim: I

1. An exhaust valve for explosion chambers having a hollow body,hydraulic mechanism for controlling the movements of said valve, aconduit. for conducting oil under pressure, to said hydraulicmechanism'to op erate the same, a conduit for conducting a portion ofsuch pressure oil into the interior of said valve body to cool the same,whereby such pressure oil serves both to operate and to cool the valve,and a conduit for withdrawing the heated oil from said valve.

2. An exhaust valve for explosion chambers having a hollow body,hydraulic mechanism for controlling the movements of said valve, acasingprovided with a space adapted to be filled with oil under pressurefor operating said mechanism, a connection bedischarge tween such spaceand the interior of. said hollow body, whereby a portion of suchpressure Oll serves to cool said valve, and a conduit for withdrawingthe heated ressure oil from the interior of said valve b y.

3. An exhaust valve as set forth in claim 1, ncluding an adjustablethrottling member 111 the last-mentioned conduit to control the of oiland thereby maintain the pressure of such oil.

4. An exhaust valve for explosion chambers having a' hollow body,hydraulic mechanism for controlling the movements of said valve, aconduit for conducting oil under pressure to said hydraulic mechanism tooperate the same, a connection between the interior of said valve bodyand. said conduit, an exhaust conduit, and a conduit adapted andarranged to maintain a continuous connection between the .interior ofthe valve body and the exhaust conduit during the movements of thevalve.

5. An exhaust valve for explosion chambers having a hollow body, a corein the interior of said valve body and spaced from the inside wallsthereof, a conduit for conducting a cooling medium to the space betweenthe inside walls of said valve bodyand the outer surface of said core,and a conduit for withdrawing the heated oil from said space.

6. An exhaust valve for explosion chambers having a hollow body,hydraulic mechanism for controlling the movements of said valve, aconduit for conducting oil under pressure to said hydraulic mechanism tooperate the same, a core having a closed bottom and arranged in theinterior of said valve body and extending to nearly the bottom of saidbody and spaced therefrom,'a conduitfor conducting such pressure oil tothe space between the inside walls of said valve body and the outersurface of said core, and a conduit for withdrawing the heated oil fromsaid space.

7. An exhaust valve for explosion chambers having a hollow body,hydraulic mechanism for controlling the movements of said valve, aconduit for conducting oil under pressure to said hydraulic mechanism'to operate the same, a core located within said valve body and extendingto nearly the bottom of said valve body and spaced therefrom, a casingfor said valve provided with a space adapted to receive said oil underpressure, a pipe leading from such space and opening at the bottom ofsaid core, whereby oil under pressure is conducted to the space betweensaid casingand valve body, a fixed exhaust conduit, and a conduit forwithdrawing the heated oil from said 'last' mentioned space and adaptedto maintain communication between such space and said exhaust conduitduring the movements of the valve.

8. An exhaust valve suitable for use in explosion chambers, comprising acasing, a hollow body movable in said casingand a piston surface adaptedto be acted upon by a iquid under pressure to actuate the valve, saidcasing being provided a assage- 5 way adapted to receive a liquid un erpressure and conduct the same to said piston surface, a connectionbetween said assageway and the interior of the hollow va ve body, ahollow stem rigidly connected to the valve body so as to move therewithand communieating withthe interior of such body a rigid guide for suchstem, an exhaust conduit, the outer face of said stem being providedwith a groove adapted to remain in communication with said exhaustconduit during the movement of the. valve, and a connection between theinterior of such stemand said grobve', whereby a portion of the valve-oeratiijg pressure liquid is caused tocircu ate tlwo'ugh the interior ofthe valve body to cool the latter.

9. An exhaust valve as set forth in claim 8, wherein said connection isapproximately at the top of the valve body,-. and wherein said ste nextends into the interior of the valve body and opens close to thebottom of the valve, whereby circulation of the pressure liquid alongthe whole length ofthe valve body is promoted.

= HANS HOLZWARTH.

